Endometriosis: pathogenetic implications of the anatomic distribution.

S Jenkins, David L. Olive, D L Olive, A F Haney
Obstetrics and gynecology · 1986 · vol. 67(3) , pp. 335–8 · PMID:3945444 · W119689462
article OA: closed CC0 ⤵ 421 in-corpus citations
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⚙ AI-generated summary by claude@2026-06, 2026-06-07 ⓘ

This laparoscopic study of 182 infertile endometriosis patients found implants most commonly on the ovary, posterior broad ligament, and cul-de-sacs, with anterior compartment disease associated with anterior uterine position, supporting retrograde menstruation as the primary cause.

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Abstract

The authors have reassessed the anatomic distribution of ectopic endometrium by the laparoscopic study of the location of implants, adhesions, and uterine position in 182 consecutive patients with infertility and endometriosis. The ovary was the most common site of implants with 54.9% having either unilateral or bilateral involvement. This was followed, in order of frequency, by the posterior broad ligament (35.2%), the anterior cul-de-sac (34.6%), the posterior cul-de-sac (34.0%), and the uterosacral ligament (28.0%). Adhesion formation followed the same anatomic distribution. No patients were noted to have endometriosis of the cervix and vagina. Endometriosis of the anterior compartment (anterior cul-de-sac, anterior broad ligament, and anterior uterine serosa) was significantly more common in patients with anterior uteri (40.7%) versus patients with posterior uteri (11.8%, P less than .0005). Exclusive anterior compartment disease was found only in patients with anterior uteri, and significantly more commonly in patients with severely anteflexed uteri (P less than .005). These data suggest that factors influencing implantation of retrograde menstrual debris include: the dependent pooling of peritoneal fluid as affected by uterine position; epithelial cell type at the site of implantation; unique ovarian susceptibility; route of entry; and mobility of the pelvic structures. The data support the Sampson hypothesis of retrograde menstruation as the primary model of development of endometriosis.

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Condition tags

mesh:D004715endometriosisinfertility

MeSH descriptors

Endometriosis Genital Neoplasms, Female Broad Ligament Broad Ligament Douglas' Pouch Endometriosis Fallopian Tube Neoplasms Fallopian Tube Neoplasms Female Genital Neoplasms, Female Humans Infertility, Female Infertility, Female Intestinal Neoplasms Intestinal Neoplasms Intestine, Small Ovarian Neoplasms Ovarian Neoplasms Peritoneal Neoplasms Peritoneal Neoplasms

Citation neighborhood (2-hop)

Papers in the corpus that this work cites (lower rings, blue) and that cite this one (upper rings, green). Dot size scales with the paper's in-corpus citation count — bigger dot = more influential within the endo/adeno field. Click a dot to open that paper. Outer rings show 2-hop neighbours — papers reached through the immediate citers/citees. [ collapse to 1-hop ]

Cited by (50)

Source provenance

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License: CC0 · commercial use OK