Noninvasive diagnosis of endometriosis: the role of imaging and markers

Jan J. Brosens; Jan Brosens; D. Timmerman; Dirk Timmerman; Anna Starzinski-Powitz; Anna Starzinski‐Powitz; Ivo Brosens

doi:10.1016/s0889-8545(02)00055-4

Noninvasive diagnosis of endometriosis: the role of imaging and markers

Jan J. Brosens, Jan Brosens, D. Timmerman, Dirk Timmerman, Anna Starzinski-Powitz, Anna Starzinski‐Powitz, Ivo Brosens

Obstetrics and gynecology clinics of North America · 2003 · vol. 30(1) , pp. 95–114 · doi:10.1016/s0889-8545(02)00055-4 · PMID:12699260 · W2144423063

review OA: closed CC0 ⤵ 39 in-corpus citations

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⚙ AI-generated summary by claude@2026-06, 2026-06-09 ⓘ

This paper reviews the current role of imaging techniques and biomarkers in the noninvasive diagnosis of endometriosis.

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Condition tags

mesh:D004715endometriosis

MeSH descriptors

Endometriosis Endometriosis Biomarkers Biomarkers Endometriosis Endosonography Female Humans Magnetic Resonance Imaging Ultrasonography, Doppler, Color Vagina Vagina

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References (100)

Aberrant integrin expression in the endometrium of women with endometriosis via openalex
Aberrant integrin expression in the endometrium of women with endometriosis. via openalex
Abnormal Interleukin-1 Receptor Type II Gene Expression in the Endometrium of Women with Endometriosis1 via openalex
Aromatase expression in endometriosis via openalex
Aromatase expression in endometriosis. via openalex
Aromatase P450 messenger RNA expression in eutopic endometrium is not a specific marker for pelvic endometriosis via openalex
Classification of endometriosis revisited via openalex
Comparison of Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Transvaginal Ultrasonography in Diagnosing Bladder Endometriosis via openalex
Definition of ureteral endometriosis? via openalex
Detection of aromatase cytochrome P-450 in endometrial biopsy specimens as a diagnostic test for endometriosis via openalex
Diaphragmatic endometriosis: CT and MR findings via openalex
Diaphragmatic endometriosis: diagnosis, surgical management, and long-term results of treatment via openalex
Distribution of cyclooxygenase-2 in eutopic and ectopic endometrium in endometriosis and adenomyosis via openalex
Distribution of heat shock proteins in eutopic and ectopic endometrium in endometriosis and adenomyosis via openalex
Dysregulated Expression of<i>ebaf</i>, a Novel Molecular Defect in the Endometria of Patients with Infertility<sup>1</sup> via openalex
Efficacy of medroxyprogesterone treatment in infertile women with endometriosis: a prospective, randomized, placebo-controlled study via openalex
Endoluminal ultrasound diagnosis and operative management of rectal endometriosis via openalex
Endometrial leukocyte subpopulations in women with endometriosis via openalex
Endometriomas: Diagnostic Performance of US via openalex
Endometriosis: appearance and detection at MR imaging. via openalex
Endometriosis: Evaluation of endometriosis in uterosacral ligaments by transrectal ultrasonography via openalex
Endometrium and Endometriosis via openalex
Expression of Aromatase Cytochrome P450 Protein and Messenger Ribonucleic Acid in Human Endometriotic and Adenomyotic Tissues but not in Normal Endometrium1 via openalex
Goserelin acetate (Zoladex) plus endometrial ablation for dysfunctional uterine bleeding: a large randomized, double-blind study via openalex
HOX gene expression is altered in the endometrium of women with endometriosis via openalex
Immunohistochemical assessment of superoxide dismutase expression in the endometrium in endometriosis and adenomyosis via openalex
Increased expression of endoglin in the eutopic endometrium of women with endometriosis via openalex
Increased Expression of Monocyte Chemotactic Protein-1 in the Endometrium of Women With Endometriosis via openalex
Increased Leptin Levels in Serum and Peritoneal Fluid of Patients with Pelvic Endometriosis via openalex
Increased Leptin Levels in Serum and Peritoneal Fluid of Patients with Pelvic Endometriosis1 via openalex
In Search of Pathogenic Mechanisms in Endometriosis: The Challenge for Molecular Cell Biology via openalex
Integrin Adhesion Molecules in the Endometrial Glandular Epithelium in Patients with Endometriosis or Adenomyosis via openalex
Integrins in the endometrium of women with endometriosis via openalex
Interleukin-6 secretion in vitro is up-regulated in ectopic and eutopic endometrial stromal cells from women with endometriosis via openalex
Interleukin-6 secretion in vitro is up-regulated in ectopic and eutopic endometrial stromal cells from women with endometriosis. via openalex
Intraepithelial leukocytes in endometriosis and adenomyosis: comparison of eutopic and ectopic endometrium with normal endometrium via openalex
Is cystic ovarian endometriosis an asymmetric disease? via openalex
Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Endometriosis: Deeply Infiltrating Endometriosis Does Not Originate from the Rectovaginal Septum via openalex
New principles in the management of endometriosis. via openalex
Obstructive Uropathy Secondary to Endometriosis via openalex
Pelvic endometriosis: MR imaging. via openalex
Peritoneal endometriosis due to the menstrual dissemination of endometrial tissue into the peritoneal cavity via openalex
Peritoneal endometriosis, ovarian endometriosis, and adenomyotic nodules of the rectovaginal septum are three different entities via openalex
Prediction of endometriosis with serum and peritoneal fluid markers: a prospective controlled trial via openalex
Progesterone Induction of 17 -Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase Type 2 during the Secretory Phase Occurs in the Endometrium of Estrogen-Dependent Benign Diseases But Not in Normal Endometrium via openalex
Progesterone Induction of 17β-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase Type 2 during the Secretory Phase Occurs in the Endometrium of Estrogen-Dependent Benign Diseases But Not in Normal Endometrium via openalex
Progestin reversal of ureteral endometriosis. via openalex
Renal and Diaphragmatic Endometriosis De Novo Associated With Hormone Replacement Therapy via openalex
Results and role of rectal endoscopic ultrasonography for patients with deep pelvic endometriosis via openalex
Role of transvaginal sonography in the detection of endometriomata via openalex
Serum Leptin Concentrations in Endometriosis via openalex
Serum Leptin Concentrations in Endometriosis via openalex
Smooth muscles are frequent components of endometriotic lesions via openalex
Studies on the Detection of Small Endometrial Implants by Magnetic Resonance Imaging Using a Fat Saturation Technique via openalex
The diagnosis of endometriomas using colour Doppler energy imaging via openalex
The endometrium and endometriosis via openalex
The role of color Doppler in diagnosis of endometriomas via openalex
The role of transvaginal ultrasonography combined with color velocity imaging and pulsed Doppler in the diagnosis of endometrioma via openalex
The staging of peritoneal endometriosis by the type of active lesion in addition to the revised American Fertility Society classification via openalex
Tumor markers in endometriosis via openalex
Urinary tract endometriosis treated by laparoscopy via openalex
Xanthine oxidase in eutopic and ectopic endometrium in endometriosis and adenomyosis via openalex
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W2150492112 via openalex
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W2287485666 via openalex
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W2418067841 via openalex
W1982798184 via openalex
W4234393772 via openalex
W4237059706 via openalex
W4237767758 via openalex
W1968557684 via openalex
W1848970261 via openalex
W4239383155 via openalex
W4245777848 via openalex
W4251903096 via openalex
W4285719527 via openalex
W6636368206 via openalex
W6717783372 via openalex
W6721182183 via openalex
W2085603542 via openalex
W91969275 via openalex
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W2092843143 via openalex
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Cited by (39)

Source provenance

europepmc: last seen: 2026-06-04T01:30:01.192114+00:00
openalex: last seen: 2026-06-04T00:00:01.174412+00:00
pubmed: last seen: 2026-05-13T22:12:55.732728+00:00

License: CC0 · commercial use OK

[1] Aberrant integrin expression in the endometrium of women with endometriosis via openalex

[2] Aberrant integrin expression in the endometrium of women with endometriosis. via openalex

[3] Abnormal Interleukin-1 Receptor Type II Gene Expression in the Endometrium of Women with Endometriosis1 via openalex

[4] Aromatase expression in endometriosis via openalex

[5] Aromatase expression in endometriosis. via openalex

[6] Aromatase P450 messenger RNA expression in eutopic endometrium is not a specific marker for pelvic endometriosis via openalex

[7] Classification of endometriosis revisited via openalex

[8] Comparison of Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Transvaginal Ultrasonography in Diagnosing Bladder Endometriosis via openalex

[9] Definition of ureteral endometriosis? via openalex

[10] Detection of aromatase cytochrome P-450 in endometrial biopsy specimens as a diagnostic test for endometriosis via openalex

[11] Diaphragmatic endometriosis: CT and MR findings via openalex

[12] Diaphragmatic endometriosis: diagnosis, surgical management, and long-term results of treatment via openalex

[13] Distribution of cyclooxygenase-2 in eutopic and ectopic endometrium in endometriosis and adenomyosis via openalex

[14] Distribution of heat shock proteins in eutopic and ectopic endometrium in endometriosis and adenomyosis via openalex

[15] Dysregulated Expression of<i>ebaf</i>, a Novel Molecular Defect in the Endometria of Patients with Infertility<sup>1</sup> via openalex

[16] Efficacy of medroxyprogesterone treatment in infertile women with endometriosis: a prospective, randomized, placebo-controlled study via openalex

[17] Endoluminal ultrasound diagnosis and operative management of rectal endometriosis via openalex

[18] Endometrial leukocyte subpopulations in women with endometriosis via openalex

[19] Endometriomas: Diagnostic Performance of US via openalex

[20] Endometriosis: appearance and detection at MR imaging. via openalex

[21] Endometriosis: Evaluation of endometriosis in uterosacral ligaments by transrectal ultrasonography via openalex

[22] Endometrium and Endometriosis via openalex

[23] Expression of Aromatase Cytochrome P450 Protein and Messenger Ribonucleic Acid in Human Endometriotic and Adenomyotic Tissues but not in Normal Endometrium1 via openalex

[24] Goserelin acetate (Zoladex) plus endometrial ablation for dysfunctional uterine bleeding: a large randomized, double-blind study via openalex

[25] HOX gene expression is altered in the endometrium of women with endometriosis via openalex

[26] Immunohistochemical assessment of superoxide dismutase expression in the endometrium in endometriosis and adenomyosis via openalex

[27] Increased expression of endoglin in the eutopic endometrium of women with endometriosis via openalex

[28] Increased Expression of Monocyte Chemotactic Protein-1 in the Endometrium of Women With Endometriosis via openalex

[29] Increased Leptin Levels in Serum and Peritoneal Fluid of Patients with Pelvic Endometriosis via openalex

[30] Increased Leptin Levels in Serum and Peritoneal Fluid of Patients with Pelvic Endometriosis1 via openalex

[31] In Search of Pathogenic Mechanisms in Endometriosis: The Challenge for Molecular Cell Biology via openalex

[32] Integrin Adhesion Molecules in the Endometrial Glandular Epithelium in Patients with Endometriosis or Adenomyosis via openalex

[33] Integrins in the endometrium of women with endometriosis via openalex

[34] Interleukin-6 secretion in vitro is up-regulated in ectopic and eutopic endometrial stromal cells from women with endometriosis via openalex

[35] Interleukin-6 secretion in vitro is up-regulated in ectopic and eutopic endometrial stromal cells from women with endometriosis. via openalex

[36] Intraepithelial leukocytes in endometriosis and adenomyosis: comparison of eutopic and ectopic endometrium with normal endometrium via openalex

[37] Is cystic ovarian endometriosis an asymmetric disease? via openalex

[38] Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Endometriosis: Deeply Infiltrating Endometriosis Does Not Originate from the Rectovaginal Septum via openalex

[39] New principles in the management of endometriosis. via openalex

[40] Obstructive Uropathy Secondary to Endometriosis via openalex

[41] Pelvic endometriosis: MR imaging. via openalex

[42] Peritoneal endometriosis due to the menstrual dissemination of endometrial tissue into the peritoneal cavity via openalex

[43] Peritoneal endometriosis, ovarian endometriosis, and adenomyotic nodules of the rectovaginal septum are three different entities via openalex

[44] Prediction of endometriosis with serum and peritoneal fluid markers: a prospective controlled trial via openalex

[45] Progesterone Induction of 17 -Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase Type 2 during the Secretory Phase Occurs in the Endometrium of Estrogen-Dependent Benign Diseases But Not in Normal Endometrium via openalex

[46] Progesterone Induction of 17β-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase Type 2 during the Secretory Phase Occurs in the Endometrium of Estrogen-Dependent Benign Diseases But Not in Normal Endometrium via openalex

[47] Progestin reversal of ureteral endometriosis. via openalex

[48] Renal and Diaphragmatic Endometriosis De Novo Associated With Hormone Replacement Therapy via openalex

[49] Results and role of rectal endoscopic ultrasonography for patients with deep pelvic endometriosis via openalex

[50] Role of transvaginal sonography in the detection of endometriomata via openalex

[51] Serum Leptin Concentrations in Endometriosis via openalex

[52] Serum Leptin Concentrations in Endometriosis via openalex

[53] Smooth muscles are frequent components of endometriotic lesions via openalex

[54] Studies on the Detection of Small Endometrial Implants by Magnetic Resonance Imaging Using a Fat Saturation Technique via openalex

[55] The diagnosis of endometriomas using colour Doppler energy imaging via openalex

[56] The endometrium and endometriosis via openalex

[57] The role of color Doppler in diagnosis of endometriomas via openalex

[58] The role of transvaginal ultrasonography combined with color velocity imaging and pulsed Doppler in the diagnosis of endometrioma via openalex

[59] The staging of peritoneal endometriosis by the type of active lesion in addition to the revised American Fertility Society classification via openalex

[60] Tumor markers in endometriosis via openalex

[61] Urinary tract endometriosis treated by laparoscopy via openalex

[62] Xanthine oxidase in eutopic and ectopic endometrium in endometriosis and adenomyosis via openalex

[63] W2132050566 via openalex

[64] W2133490741 via openalex

[65] W2134389439 via openalex

[66] W10868991 via openalex

[67] W2139647307 via openalex

[68] W2010387940 via openalex

[69] W2007963957 via openalex

[70] W2150492112 via openalex

[71] W2154095911 via openalex

[72] W2003778314 via openalex

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[74] W1997312656 via openalex

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[76] W2287485666 via openalex

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[83] W4237059706 via openalex

[84] W4237767758 via openalex

[85] W1968557684 via openalex

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[93] W6721182183 via openalex

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[100] W2074033835 via openalex