Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania)

Background and Objectives: Hydrosalpinx is an important and treatable cause of impaired in vitro fertilization (IVF) outcomes, but the optimal intervention and its timing remain uncertain. This narrative review evaluates contemporary eviden…

Background and Objectives: The relationship between preoperative inflammatory markers and lymphovascular space invasion (LVSI) in endometrioid-type endometrial cancer (EC) remains incompletely defined and warrants evaluation using robust st…

Background and Objectives: Peripheral blood indices have been proposed as prognostic biomarkers in endometrial cancer, but most reports include mixed histological subtypes, do not control for benign uterine pathology that independently alte…

Background and Objectives: Robotic-assisted tubal reanastomosis (RATR) remains a clinically relevant option for selected women seeking fertility after sterilization. In the era of IVF, surgical reversal continues to be discussed because it …

Background and Objectives: The fact that men are at a higher risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) compared to women, regardless of concomitant risk factors, draws attention to the potential role of sex hormones in cardiovascular health. Hor…

Background: Selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs) are widely used for postmenopausal osteoporosis, yet whether treatment response attenuates with aging in routine practice remains unclear. We examined age- and site-specific respons…

Importance: Most couples who turn to assisted reproductive technology (ART) treatment do so, usually, after giving up emotionally on the chances of conceiving naturally. Others undergo ovulation induction with intrauterine insemination (IUI…

Background and Objectives: Superficial peritoneal endometriosis (SPE) remains one of the most difficult endometriosis phenotypes to diagnose non-invasively, because lesions are frequently small, multifocal, and poorly detectable using conve…

Background and Objectives: Tubal reanastomosis is an alternative option for women seeking fertility after sterilization. Thus, anastomosis healing quality and peri-tubal adhesions play a crucial role. TISSEEL® fibrin sealant may enhance tis…

Congenital anomalies of the reproductive system represent a heterogeneous group of structural and functional abnormalities affecting both male and female genital organs. These anomalies typically arise during embryogenesis and may remain as…

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the leading cause of dementia worldwide and affects women more frequently than men. Although age remains the main risk factor, reproductive aging and changes in ovarian hormone exposure may also contribute to thi…

The meiotic spindle is essential for accurate chromosome segregation during oocyte maturation and fertilization, and its alteration might be considered a major contributor to age-related aneuploidy and reproductive failure. Spindle formatio…

Obesity is a multifactorial condition that profoundly affects female reproductive health through endocrine, metabolic, and inflammatory mechanisms that disrupt the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis. Women with obesity frequently dev…

Background and Objectives: Hysteroscopy permits direct assessment and treatment of the uterine cavity, but diagnostic yield does not necessarily translate into improved fertility. This narrative review examines its role in subfertility and …

Background and Objective: The ultrasound sliding sign dynamically assesses pouch of Douglas (POD) obliteration in suspected endometriosis. Transvaginal (TVS) and transrectal (TRS) ultrasound are used in patients with and without a self-repo…

Background and Objectives: Hysterectomy is one of the most frequently performed gynecological surgical procedures worldwide. It is well established that the laparoscopic approach offers better outcomes for patients compared to abdominal hys…

Background and aims: An increased risk of acute pancreatitis (AP) has been reported in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), but data on its prevalence, etiology, and outcomes are limited. Materials and Methods: A two-step retrosp…

Background and Objectives: Gender disparities in pain management persist, with women frequently receiving inadequate analgesia despite reporting similar or higher pain levels compared with men. This issue is particularly evident across vari…

Background and Objectives: Endometriosis has been shown to be associated with an increased cancer risk, and apoptosis may be important in the pathophysiology of endometriosis. To date, it remains unclear whether the tissue cell surface apop…

An isolated hydatid cyst of the spleen represents an exceptional pathology, and its association with high CA 19-9 serum levels was not previously reported. This case presents a patient with an isolated hydatid cyst of the spleen, with preop…

Background and Objectives: The use of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in the medical field is rapidly expanding. This review aims to explore and summarize all published research on the development and validation of deep learning (DL) models in…

Background and Objectives: The Mediterranean diet is traditionally linked to metabolic balance and improved reproductive health. However, dietary patterns in Mediterranean regions have progressively shifted toward more Westernized models, p…

Background and Objectives: One of the most widely used reversible contraceptive techniques among women of reproductive age worldwide is oral contraceptives (OCPs). Despite their widespread use, OCPs are associated with increased risks of st…

Background and Objectives: This meta-analysis aimed to determine whether pre-implantation uterine artery (UtA) Doppler measurements are associated with clinical pregnancy in women undergoing assisted reproductive technologies (ART). Materia…

Osteoporosis, the most common bone disorder, profoundly impacts women's health, especially during postmenopausal phases. Characterised by diminished bone mineral density (BMD), it increases the risk of fractures, affecting mobility, quality…