Reproductive health of women with type 1 diabetes

Marina Kalashnikova, D.M. Shillaeva, И. В. Кузнецова, E.V. Fedorova, Yulia P. Sych, M.G. Pavlova, Valentin V. Fadeev
In: Voprosy ginekologii, akušerstva i perinatologii · 2023 · vol. 22(1) , pp. 59–68 · doi:10.20953/1726-1678-2023-1-59-68 · W4360597211
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⚙ AI-generated summary by qwen3.7-flash, 2026-09-08 ⓘ

This review systematizes knowledge on reproductive health in women with type 1 diabetes, highlighting the high prevalence of disorders including endometriosis and analyzing current preventive and therapeutic strategies.

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This review examines the high prevalence of reproductive system disorders, estimated at approximately 40%, among young women with type 1 diabetes. The authors identify chronic hyperglycemia and significant glycemic variability as primary pathogenetic factors contributing to conditions such as delayed puberty, irregular cycles, infertility, and early menopause. Additionally, the paper notes that these patients exhibit a higher incidence of specific gynecological diseases, including polycystic ovarian syndrome and uterine fibroids. Relevance to endometriosis: listed as one of the gynecological diseases with higher incidence in this population, though the paper's main focus is on type 1 diabetes and general reproductive dysfunction.

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Abstract

Despite the evident progress achieved in the treatment of type 1 diabetes (T1D) over the past decade and due to the active implementation of innovative technologies, the prevalence of reproductive system disorders among young women with T1D remains quite high and is about 40%. A wide range of such disorders include delayed puberty, late menarche, irregular menstrual cycle, infertility, adverse pregnancy outcomes, and early menopause. In addition, according to available scientific data, patients with T1D have a higher incidence of such gynecological diseases as polycystic ovarian syndrome, endometriosis, uterine fibroids, hyperplastic lesions of the endometrium and mammary glands. The leading pathogenetic factor of emerging reproductive disorders is chronic hyperglycemia, as well as marked glycemic variability. To ensure timely prevention and development of a comprehensive approach to the treatment of gynecological and reproductive diseases, a broader understanding of the clinical features of reproductive disorders and the pathogenetic mechanisms of their development is required. The aim of this review was to systematize the available knowledge on the characteristics of reproductive health of women with T1D and to analyze current preventive and therapeutic strategies for reproductive dysfunction. Key words: insulin therapy, type 1 diabetes, reproductive system, ovarian hyperandrogenism
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Reproductive health of women with type 1 diabetes Marina F. Kalashnikova / Djaryiat M. Shillaeva / Irina V. Kuznetsova / Evgenia V. Fedorova / Yulia P. Sych / Maria G. Pavlova / Valentin V. Fadeev / Despite the evident progress achieved in the treatment of type 1 diabetes (T1D) over the past decade and due to the active implementation of innovative technologies, the prevalence of reproductive system disorders among young women with T1D remains quite high and is about 40%. A wide range of such disorders include delayed puberty, late menarche, irregular menstrual cycle, infertility, adverse pregnancy outcomes, and early menopause. In addition, according to available scientific data, patients with T1D have a higher incidence of such gynecological diseases as polycystic ovarian syndrome, endometriosis, uterine fibroids, hyperplastic lesions of the endometrium and mammary glands. The leading pathogenetic factor of emerging reproductive disorders is chronic hyperglycemia, as well as marked glycemic variability. To ensure timely prevention and development of a comprehensive approach to the treatment of gynecological and reproductive diseases, a broader understanding of the clinical features of reproductive disorders and the pathogenetic mechanisms of their development is required. The aim of this review was to systematize the available knowledge on the characteristics of reproductive health of women with T1D and to analyze current preventive and therapeutic strategies for reproductive dysfunction. Key words: insulin therapy, type 1 diabetes, reproductive system, ovarian hyperandrogenism For citation: Kalashnikova M.F., Shillaeva D.M., Kuznetsova I.V., Fedorova E.V., Sych Yu.P., Pavlova M.G., Fadeev V.V. Reproductive health of women with type 1 diabetes. Vopr. ginekol. akus. perinatol. (Gynecology, Obstetrics and Perinatology). 2023; 22(1): 59–68. (In Russian). DOI: 10.20953/1726-1678-2023-1-59-68

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