Association of Residential Factors and Platelet-to-Lymphocyte Ratio with Uterine Leiomyoma Occurrence

Uterine leiomyoma is the most common benign gynecological tumor and is influenced by various individual, environmental, and inflammatory factors. Residential environmental characteristics and the Platelet-to-Lymphocyte Ratio (PLR) have been proposed as potential factors associated with leiomyoma occurrence. This study aimed to analyze the association between residential factors and PLR with the occurrence of uterine leiomyoma. This study used an observational analytic design with a case-control approach. The study included 256 histopathological medical records from 2020-2023, consisting of 185 patients with uterine leiomyoma as the case group and 71 patients with adenomyosis as the control group. Residential characteristics were classified into urban and rural areas based on the Central Bureau of Statistics (BPS) classification. PLR was calculated by dividing the absolute platelet count by the absolute lymphocyte count, with a cut-off value of 216.86 based on the 75th percentile. Bivariate analysis was performed using the Chi-Square test or Fisher’s Exact Test. Ethical clearance from the Health Research Ethics Committee of PKU Muhammadiyah Hospital, Surakarta, under number 08/KEPK/RS.PKU/IX/2025. Most respondents in both groups lived in urban areas, accounting for 93.51% of the leiomyoma group and 91.55% of the adenomyosis group. No significant association was found between residential area and uterine leiomyoma occurrence (p=0.590). Similarly, PLR was not significantly associated with uterine leiomyoma occurrence (p=0.878). Residential factors and PLR were not significantly associated with the occurrence of uterine leiomyoma in this study.