Endometriose – eine systemische Erkrankung?

In: Gynäkologische Endokrinologie · 2023 · vol. 21(3) , pp. 189–193 · doi:10.1007/s10304-023-00521-6 · W4385281070
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Endometriosis can influence other diseases through chronic inflammation and oxidative stress, and it is associated with increased risks of migraines, cardiovascular disease, gastrointestinal disorders, autoimmune diseases, and cancer.

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This narrative article reviews how endometriosis may affect the pathogenesis of other diseases through mechanisms such as chronic systemic inflammation, oxidative stress, and immune system involvement. It synthesizes existing associations reported across studies, including links with migraine, cardiovascular risks (e.g., stroke risk), gastrointestinal diseases, autoimmune diseases, and an increased cancer risk—particularly gynecological cancers like ovarian cancer. The authors note an important limitation that for several of these comorbid conditions it remains unclear whether endometriosis increases risk or whether risk may run in the opposite direction, and they highlight that autoimmune diseases could potentially also increase endometriosis risk. This paper is centrally about endometriosis — it argues endometriosis should be recognized as a systemic disease with multiple comorbidities.

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Zusammenfassung Durch die Entstehung von chronischen systemischen Entzündungen, oxidativem Stress und anderen Faktoren, die unter anderem das Immunsystem betreffen, kann Endometriose die Pathogenese vieler weiterer Erkrankungen beeinflussen. Weil etwa 10 % der Frauen von Endometriose betroffen sind, ist es wichtig, die systemischen Effekte und Komorbiditäten der Erkrankung zu kennen, um Folgeerscheinungen verhindern zu können. Aktuell konnten bereits Zusammenhänge zwischen Endometriose und Migräne, kardiovaskulären Risiken (beispielsweise Schlaganfallrisiko), gastrointestinalen Erkrankungen sowie Autoimmunerkrankungen festgestellt werden. Jedoch ist nicht für jede dieser Erkrankungen bekannt, ob Endometriose das Risiko für jene erhöht oder umgekehrt. Gerade Autoimmunerkrankungen könnten potenziell auch das Risiko für eine Endometrioseerkrankung steigern. Ebenso ist das Risiko für Krebserkrankungen erhöht. Dabei ist besonders die Rate von gynäkologischen Krebserkrankungen, wie Ovarialkarzinomen, stark vergrößert im Vergleich zu Frauen ohne Endometriose. Aufgrund der zahlreichen Studien, die die Zusammenhänge zwischen Endometriose und anderen Erkrankungen aufzeigen, sollte Endometriose als systemische Erkrankung anerkannt werden. Es ist weitere Forschung nötig, um die genauen Zusammenhänge und die gemeinsame Pathogenese der Erkrankungen ermitteln und Komorbiditäten sowie deren Folgen in Zukunft verhindern zu können. Abstract By causing chronic systemic inflammation, oxidative stress, and other factors that, among others, affect the immune system, endometriosis can influence the pathogenesis of many other diseases. Since endometriosis affects approximately 10% of women, it is important to know the systemic effects and comorbidities of the disease in order to prevent sequelae. Associations have already been established between endometriosis and migraine, cardiovascular risks with consequences such as strokes, gastrointestinal diseases as well as autoimmune diseases. However, it is not known for each of these diseases whether endometriosis increases their risk or vice versa. In particular, autoimmune diseases could potentially also increase the risk for endometriosis. Likewise, the risk for cancer in endometriosis patients is increased. In particular the rate of gynecological cancers, such as ovarian cancer, is greatly increased compared to women without endometriosis. Based on the numerous studies showing the links between endometriosis and other diseases, endometriosis should be recognized as a systemic disease. Further research is needed to identify the exact correlations and common pathogenesis of the diseases and to prevent comorbidities and their consequences in the future. Similar content being viewed by others Literatur Alderman MH III, Yoder N, Taylor HS (2017) The systemic effects of endometriosis. Semin Reprod Med 35(03):263–270 Bushnell CD, Kapral MK (2023) Stroke in women and unique risk factors. Stroke 54(2):587–590 Chiaffarino F, Cipriani S, Ricci E, Mauri PA, Esposito G, Barretta M, Parazzini F (2021) Endometriosis and irritable bowel syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Arch Gynecol Obstet 303:17–25 Della Corte L, Di Filippo C, Gabrielli O, Reppuccia S, La Rosa VL, Ragusa R, Giampaolino P (2020) The burden of endometriosis on women’s lifespan: a narrative overview on quality of life and psychosocial wellbeing. Int J Environ Res Public Health 17(13):4683 Evans SF, Brooks TA, Esterman AJ, Hull ML, Rolan PE (2018) The comorbidities of dysmenorrhea: a clinical survey comparing symptom profile in women with and without endometriosis. J Pain Res 11:3181–3194 Farland LV, Harris HR (2020) Long-term health consequences of endometriosis—pathways and mediation by treatment. Curr Obstet Gynecol Rep 9(3):79–88 Farland LV, Degnan WJ III, Bell ML, Kasner SE, Liberman AL, Shah DK, Missmer SA (2022) Laparoscopically confirmed endometriosis and risk of incident stroke: a prospective cohort study. Stroke 53(10):3116–3122 Jenabi E, Khazaei S (2020) Endometriosis and migraine headache risk: a meta-analysis. Women Health 60(8):939–945 Jess T, Frisch M, Jørgensen KT, Pedersen BV, Nielsen NM (2012) Increased risk of inflammatory bowel disease in women with endometriosis: a nationwide Danish cohort study. Gut 61(9):1279–1283 Kilic D, Guler T, Sevgican CI, Kabukcu C, Buber I, Kilinc M, Kilic ID (2021) Association between endometriosis and increased arterial stiffness. Kardiol Pol 79(1):58–65 Kvaskoff M, Mahamat-Saleh Y, Farland LV, Shigesi N, Terry KL, Harris HR, Missmer SA (2021) Endometriosis and cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Hum Reprod Update 27(2):393–420 Lara-Ramos A, Álvarez-Salvago F, Fernández-Lao C, Galiano-Castillo N, Ocón-Hernández O, Mazheika M, Artacho-Cordón F (2021) Widespread pain hypersensitivity and lumbopelvic impairments in women diagnosed with endometriosis. Pain Med 22(9):1970–1981 Marchandot B, Curtiaud A, Matsushita K, Trimaille A, Host A, Faller E, Morel O (2022) Endometriosis and cardiovascular disease. Eur Heart J Open 2(1):oeac1 Miller JA, Missmer SA, Vitonis AF, Sarda V, Laufer MR, DiVasta AD (2018) Prevalence of migraines in adolescents with endometriosis. Fertil Steril 109(4):685–690 Okoth K, Wang J, Zemedikun D, Thomas GN, Nirantharakumar K, Adderley NJ (2021) Risk of cardiovascular outcomes among women with endometriosis in the United Kingdom: a retrospective matched cohort study. BJOG: Int J Obstet Gy 128(10):1598–1609 Petta CA, Arruda MS, Zantut-Wittmann DE, Benetti-Pinto CL (2007) Thyroid autoimmunity and thyroid dysfunction in women with endometriosis. Hum Reprod 22(10):2693–2697 Porpora MG, Scaramuzzino S, Sangiuliano C, Piacenti I, Bonanni V, Piccioni MG, Benedetti Panici PL (2020) High prevalence of autoimmune diseases in women with endometriosis: a case-control study. Gynecol Endocrinol 36(4):356–359 Taylor HS, Kotlyar AM, Flores VA (2021) Endometriosis is a chronic systemic disease: clinical challenges and novel innovations. Lancet 397(10276):839–852 Wu Y, Wang H, Chen S, Lin Y, Xie X, Zhong G, Zhang Q (2022) Migraine is more prevalent in advanced-stage endometriosis, especially when co-occuring with adenomoysis. Front Endocrinol. https://doi.org/10.3389/fendo.2021.814474 Author information Authors and Affiliations Corresponding author Ethics declarations Interessenkonflikt H. Surmann und L. Kiesel geben an, dass kein Interessenkonflikt besteht. Für diesen Beitrag wurden von den Autor/-innen keine Studien an Menschen oder Tieren durchgeführt. Für die aufgeführten Studien gelten die jeweils dort angegebenen ethischen Richtlinien. Additional information Redaktion Ludwig Kiesel, Münster Wolfgang Küpker, Baden-Baden Ricardo Felberbaum, Kempten Brigitte Leeners, Zürich QR-Code scannen & Beitrag online lesen Rights and permissions About this article Cite this article Surmann, H., Kiesel, L. Endometriose – eine systemische Erkrankung?. Gynäkologische Endokrinologie 21, 189–193 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10304-023-00521-6 Accepted: Published: Version of record: Issue date: DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10304-023-00521-6

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