Clinical and anamnestic characteristics of infertile patients with ovarian endometriomas in assisted reproductive technology programs

of the study: to evaluate the clinical, anamnestic, reproductive, and hormonal characteristics of infertile patients with ovarian endometriomas depending on prior surgical treatment in assisted reproductive technology.

and methods. A retrospective cohort study was conducted involving 67 infertile patients who underwent evaluation and treatment using assisted reproductive technology programs between 2024 and 2026. Group 1 included 24 patients with ovarian endometriomas following surgical treatment; Group 2 included 23 patients with untreated ovarian endometriomas; and Group 3, the control group, included 20 patients with male-factor and/or absolute tubal infertility without endometriosis. Results. No statistically significant differences in age were found between the groups. At the same time, the groups differed in body mass index, age at menarche, and duration of infertility. Primary infertility was more common in patients with ovarian endometriomas, whereas secondary infertility predominated in the control group. Patients with endometriomas typically presented with dysmenorrhea and pre- and postmenstrual bleeding. The highest incidence of dysmenorrhea was observed in the group with untreated endometriomas. Regarding hormonal profile indicators, statistically significant differences were found in the levels of anti-Müllerian hormone and estradiol. The lowest anti-Müllerian hormone level was found in patients with endometriomas (0.61 ± 0.07 ng/mL), whereas in patients who had undergone surgical treatment it was 1.67 ± 0.28 ng/mL, and in the control group – 1.38 ± 0.14 ng/mL. Estradiol levels were highest in Group 2 – 143.5 ± 40.1 pg/mL. Conclusions. Infertile patients with ovarian endometriomas exhibit characteristic clinical and anamnestic features, including a higher prevalence of primary infertility, dysmenorrhea, and menstrual cycle disorders. The presence of untreated ovarian endometriomas was associated with a statistically significant decrease in anti-Müllerian hormone levels and an increase in estradiol levels. The results confirm the need for an individualized assessment of reproductive potential and ovarian reserve when planning assisted reproductive technology in patients with ovarian endometriomas.

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