Reproductive endocrinology and infertility: Management of polycystic ovarian syndrome (pcos), endometriosis, and advances in assisted reproductive technologies

Punam Kumari, Sona, Meenakshi Thakur
2026 · doi:10.5281/zenodo.18779958 · W7131636790
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This review synthesizes evidence from the last decade regarding the pathogenesis and management of polycystic ovarian syndrome and endometriosis alongside modern advancements in assisted reproductive technologies.

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This review article synthesizes current evidence from the past decade regarding reproductive endocrinology, focusing on the pathogenesis and management of polycystic ovarian syndrome and endometriosis. It outlines the clinical characteristics of these conditions, noting that PCOS involves hyperandrogenism and ovulatory dysfunction while endometriosis is a chronic inflammatory disorder linked to pelvic pain and infertility. The paper also discusses recent advancements in assisted reproductive technologies, including in vitro fertilization and preimplantation genetic testing, which have improved pregnancy outcomes for patients with these disorders. Relevance to endometriosis: listed as one indication for GnRH antagonists, though the paper's main focus is uterine fibroids.

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Abstract

Reproductive endocrinology represents a critical subspecialty within obstetrics and gynecology that focuses on hormonal regulation of reproduction and the management of infertility. Among the most prevalent and clinically significant disorders affecting female fertility are polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) and endometriosis. PCOS is a complex endocrine and metabolic disorder characterized by hyperandrogenism, ovulatory dysfunction, and polycystic ovarian morphology, affecting up to 15 to 20 percent of reproductive-aged women worldwide. Endometriosis is a chronic inflammatory condition defined by the presence of endometrial-like tissue outside the uterine cavity and is strongly associated with pelvic pain and infertility. Over the past decade, substantial progress has been made in understanding the pathophysiology of these conditions and in refining their management strategies. Simultaneously, assisted reproductive technologies (ART), including in vitro fertilization, intracytoplasmic sperm injection, preimplantation genetic testing, and cryopreservation, have undergone remarkable advancements, improving pregnancy outcomes and expanding reproductive options. This review synthesizes current evidence from the last ten years to provide a comprehensive discussion of reproductive endocrinology principles, the pathogenesis and management of PCOS and endometriosis, and modern innovations in ART.
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Reproductive endocrinology and infertility: Management of polycystic ovarian syndrome (pcos), endometriosis, and advances in assisted reproductive technologies Authors/Creators - 1. Associate Professor, Shivalik Institute of Nursing, Shimla, Himachal Pradesh - 2. Nursing Officer, AIIMS Raipur, Chhattisgarh - 3. Professor OBG, Kamdar College of Nursing Rajkot, Gujrat Description Reproductive endocrinology represents a critical subspecialty within obstetrics and gynecology that focuses on hormonal regulation of reproduction and the management of infertility. Among the most prevalent and clinically significant disorders affecting female fertility are polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) and endometriosis. PCOS is a complex endocrine and metabolic disorder characterized by hyperandrogenism, ovulatory dysfunction, and polycystic ovarian morphology, affecting up to 15 to 20 percent of reproductive-aged women worldwide. Endometriosis is a chronic inflammatory condition defined by the presence of endometrial-like tissue outside the uterine cavity and is strongly associated with pelvic pain and infertility. Over the past decade, substantial progress has been made in understanding the pathophysiology of these conditions and in refining their management strategies. Simultaneously, assisted reproductive technologies (ART), including in vitro fertilization, intracytoplasmic sperm injection, preimplantation genetic testing, and cryopreservation, have undergone remarkable advancements, improving pregnancy outcomes and expanding reproductive options. This review synthesizes current evidence from the last ten years to provide a comprehensive discussion of reproductive endocrinology principles, the pathogenesis and management of PCOS and endometriosis, and modern innovations in ART. Files 1. SJ067-SJOPNN-V4-I1.pdf Files (185.2 kB) | Name | Size | Download all | |---|---|---| | md5:eb492ccf9e30d63d290cfa55590a4b00 | 185.2 kB | Preview Download |

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