The expression and significance of leukemia inhibitory factor, interleukin-6 and vascular endothelial growth factor in Chinese patients with endometriosis

Cui Li, Hong-Lian Zhao, Honglian Zhao, Yu-Juan Li, Yujuan Li, Yuying Zhang, Yu-Ying Zhang, Hong-Yun Liu, Hongyun Liu, Fu‐Zhong Feng, Fu-Zhong Feng, Hua Yan
Archives of gynecology and obstetrics · 2021 · vol. 304(1) , pp. 163–170 · doi:10.1007/s00404-021-05980-5 · PMID:33555431 · W3129109281
article OA: closed CC0 ⤵ 12 in-corpus citations
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⚙ AI-generated summary by claude@2026-06+body, 2026-06-06 ⓘ

Leukemia inhibitory factor, interleukin-6, and vascular endothelial growth factor levels are elevated in endometriosis patients, with LIF and IL-6 synergistically increasing VEGF in stromal cells, potentially contributing to disease development.

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⚙ AI-generated deep summary by claude@2026-06, 2026-06-06 ⓘ

This study measured leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in blood, peritoneal fluid, ectopic endometrial tissue, matched eutopic endometrium, and ectopic versus eutopic endometrial stromal cells from 31 Chinese patients with endometriosis undergoing laparoscopic surgery, compared with 32 controls undergoing laparoscopic surgery for uterine fibroids or ovarian tumors. Patients with endometriosis had higher LIF, IL-6, and VEGF levels in both blood and peritoneal fluid than controls, with peritoneal fluid levels higher than blood, and ectopic lesions showed higher LIF and IL-6 mRNA but lower VEGF mRNA than matched eutopic tissue. In vitro, treating cultured ectopic endometrial stromal cells with LIF, IL-6, or both increased VEGF protein in the supernatant, supporting a synergistic effect on VEGF secretion. The paper’s limitation is that it assesses associations and short-term cell stimulation rather than establishing causal mechanisms in vivo. This paper is centrally about endometriosis — it characterizes LIF, IL-6, and VEGF expression in endometriotic compartments and tests how they regulate VEGF in endometrial stromal cells.

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Condition tags

mesh:D004715endometriosis

MeSH descriptors

Asian People Endometriosis Endometrium Interleukin-6 Leukemia Inhibitory Factor Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors Adult Asian People China China Endometriosis Endometriosis Endometriosis Endometrium Female Humans Interleukin-6 Laparoscopy Laparoscopy

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