Melatonin: Adjunct therapeutics in ovarian endometrioma

Piyali Mazumdar, Shampa Sarkar Biswas
In: INDIAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY AND ALLIED SCIENCES · 2023 · vol. 75(03) , pp. 6–13 · doi:10.55184/ijpas.v75i03.193 · W4400402486
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This review evaluates melatonin’s probable protective role against ovarian endometrioma by counteracting reactive oxygen species, inflammation, and apoptosis through diverse signaling pathways.

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This review evaluates the potential protective role of melatonin against ovarian endometrioma by targeting its underlying pathophysiological mechanisms. The authors highlight that melatonin acts as a free radical scavenger, anti-apoptotic agent, and inflammatory suppressor within the female reproductive system. These properties are proposed to counteract the reactive oxygen species generation, follicular damage, and oocyte defects characteristic of endometriomas through various signaling pathways. This paper is centrally about endometriosis — specifically the pathological aspects of ovarian endometrioma and the therapeutic potential of melatonin in mitigating oxidative stress and inflammation associated with the condition.

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Abstract

Melatonin (N-acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine) hormone is a methoxyindole primarily released by the pineal gland. Melatonin has dynamicproperties of being a free radical scavenger, inflammatory suppressor, anti-apoptotic agent, reproductive hormone modulator andmediator of several signaling pathways in female reproductive system. The presence of differential localization of melatonin receptorsin the ovary, influence on the ovarian hormones and ovarian cycle has implied the association between ovarian system and melatoninboth at the pathological and physiological levels. On the other hand, the pathophysiology of ovarian endometrioma is remarked byvarious anomalies likely: generation of various reactive oxygen species, followed by follicular damage, oocyte and embryonic defects,inflammation and apoptosis, which the involvement of melatonin can plausibly counteract. The present review evaluated melatonin’sprobable protective role against ovarian endometrioma via diverse signaling pathways.
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Melatonin: Adjunct therapeutics in ovarian endometrioma DOI: https://doi.org/10.55184/ijpas.v75i03.193Keywords: Melatonin receptors, ovarian cycle, ovarian endometrioma, oocyte-embryo quality, signaling pathwaysAbstract Melatonin (N-acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine) hormone is a methoxyindole primarily released by the pineal gland. Melatonin has dynamic properties of being a free radical scavenger, inflammatory suppressor, anti-apoptotic agent, reproductive hormone modulator and mediator of several signaling pathways in female reproductive system. The presence of differential localization of melatonin receptors in the ovary, influence on the ovarian hormones and ovarian cycle has implied the association between ovarian system and melatonin both at the pathological and physiological levels. On the other hand, the pathophysiology of ovarian endometrioma is remarked by various anomalies likely: generation of various reactive oxygen species, followed by follicular damage, oocyte and embryonic defects, inflammation and apoptosis, which the involvement of melatonin can plausibly counteract. The present review evaluated melatonin’s probable protective role against ovarian endometrioma via diverse signaling pathways.

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