Analysis of miRNA Expression in Bovine Endometrium During the Estrous Cycle

Islam MR, Md Rafikul Islam, Manamu Takenouchi, Takenouchi M, Amir Salama, Salama A, Hayashi T, Takeshi Hayashi, Katakura Y, Miyamoto K, Yamauchi N
Animal science journal = Nihon chikusan Gakkaiho · 2026 · vol. 97(1) , pp. e70236 · doi:10.1111/asj.70236 · PMID:42637222 · PMC13503040
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Small RNA sequencing of bovine endometrium identified 334 miRNAs, highlighting miR-2411-3p and miR-320a as steroid-regulated markers during the estrous cycle.

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This study characterized microRNA expression profiles in bovine endometrial tissue across different stages of the estrous cycle using small RNA sequencing. Researchers identified 334 expressed miRNAs, with specific differential expression observed between follicular and luteal phases, highlighting miR-2411-3p and miR-320a as key regulators influenced by estrogen and progesterone respectively. The findings establish these miRNAs as characteristic markers for endometrial function modulated by ovarian steroid hormones in cattle. The paper does not explicitly discuss endometriosis or adenomyosis; it was included in the corpus via a keyword match in the upstream search index.

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Abstract

The present study aimed to identify and characterize bovine endometrial miRNAs at different stages of the estrous cycle. Total RNA was extracted from endometrial tissue and subjected to small RNA sequencing. A total of 334 miRNAs were expressed in bovine endometrial tissue during the estrous cycle. Among them, 11 were differentially expressed miRNAs (DEMs) at the follicular stage (F-DEMs) and four at the luteal stage (L-DEMs) in comparison between F and L stages. Bioinformatic analysis of the target genes of these DEMs revealed that miR-2411-3p and miR-320a were the top-ranked hub miRNAs in F- and L-DEMs, respectively. These two miRNAs demonstrated the highest functional coverage in GO annotation. The analysis using cultured bovine endometrial cells showed that the expression level of miR-2411-3p was significantly high in the E2-treated group compared to the control (p < 0.05), whereas the expression level of miR-320a was significantly high in the P4-treated group (p < 0.05). The present study identified the endometrial DEMs during the estrous cycle and predicted their functions based on their target genes. The results demonstrated that miR-2411-3p and miR-320a were identified as characteristic endometrial miRNAs regulated by ovarian steroid hormones in bovine.
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Abstract

The present study aimed to identify and characterize bovine endometrial miRNAs at different stages of the estrous cycle. Total RNA was extracted from endometrial tissue and subjected to small RNA sequencing. A total of 334 miRNAs were expressed in bovine endometrial tissue during the estrous cycle. Among them, 11 were differentially expressed miRNAs (DEMs) at the follicular stage (F-DEMs) and four at the luteal stage (L-DEMs) in comparison between F and L stages. Bioinformatic analysis of the target genes of these DEMs revealed that miR-2411-3p and miR-320a were the top-ranked hub miRNAs in F- and L-DEMs, respectively. These two miRNAs demonstrated the highest functional coverage in GO annotation. The analysis using cultured bovine endometrial cells showed that the expression level of miR-2411-3p was significantly high in the E2-treated group compared to the control (p < 0.05), whereas the expression level of miR-320a was significantly high in the P4-treated group (p < 0.05). The present study identified the endometrial DEMs during the estrous cycle and predicted their functions based on their target genes. The results demonstrated that miR-2411-3p and miR-320a were identified as characteristic endometrial miRNAs regulated by ovarian steroid hormones in bovine.

Keywords

E2, P4; bovine; endometrium; estrous cycle; miRNA. © 2026 Japanese Society of Animal Science. Conflict of interest statement The authors declare no conflicts of interest. Figures

References

- - Agilent Technologies . 2019. Agilent 2100 Bioanalyzer System [Instrument]. Agilent Technologies Inc. https://www.agilent.com/en/product/capillarelectrophoresis/bioanalyzer‐s.... MeSH terms Substances Grants and funding LinkOut - more resources Full Text Sources

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MeSH descriptors

Endometrium Endometrium Endometrium Estrous Cycle Estrous Cycle Estrous Cycle Gene Expression Gene Expression MicroRNAs MicroRNAs MicroRNAs Animals Cattle Cattle Cells, Cultured Estradiol Estradiol Female Follicular Phase Follicular Phase

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chemicals 8
nucleotide estradiol progesterone steroid hormone water phenol red steroid estrogen
organisms 14
human mus sp. wild sheep rodents oxen mammals humans transgenic mice naine d'afrique de l'ouest wild boar bovine viral diarrhea virus 3251/01 oxen naine d'afrique de l'ouest zitter rats

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