Endometriosis: Aetiopathogenetic Basis

Michelangelo Larosa, Francesco Facchini, G. Pozzoli, Marco Leone, M. Grande, B. Monica
In: Urologia Journal · 2010 · vol. 77(17_suppl) , pp. 1–11 · doi:10.1177/0391560310077017s01 · W4235431272
article OA: closed CC0 ⤵ 8 in-corpus citations
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⚙ AI-generated summary by claude@2026-06, 2026-06-06 ⓘ

Endometriosis, characterized by endometrial tissue outside the uterus, is linked to menstrual factors, retrograde menstruation, and involves immunological alterations and angiogenesis promoting tissue survival and growth.

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Abstract

Endometriosis, defined by the presence of endometrial tissue outside the uterine cavity, is a common condition affecting 10% of women in the reproductive age. Menstrual factors reported to increase risk include dysmenorrhea, early menarche, and shorter cycle lengths. The theory of retrograde menstruation with implantation of endometrial fragments, in conjunction with peritoneal factors to stimulate cell growth is the most widely accepted. There is a growing body of evidence that immunological factors and angiogenesis play a key role in the pathogenesis of endometriosis. In women with endometriosis, there appears to be an alteration in the function of peritoneal macrophages, natural killer cells and lymphocytes, with production of growth factors and inflammatory mediators in the peritoneal fluid. Survival, adhesion, proliferation, invasion and vascularization of endometrial tissue in abdominal cavity may be the consequence of retrograde menstruation and referred to as implantation theory.

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Condition tags

endometriosisdysmenorrhea

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