Endometriosis in adolescents

O.V. Fedorenko, Yu.S. Ocheretna, H.P. Tarnovska
In: CHILD`S HEALTH · 2024 · vol. 19(6) , pp. 382–387 · doi:10.22141/2224-0551.19.6.2024.1743 · W4403998493
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This review analyzes the clinical manifestations, risk factors, diagnosis, and treatment of endometriosis in adolescents, a condition affecting all ages and often overlooked in younger populations.

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This paper is a review analyzing clinical manifestations of endometriosis in adolescent girls, along with risk and progression factors, and diagnostic and treatment considerations specific to adolescence. It notes that although endometriosis prevalence is estimated at about 15% in general, adolescent-specific data are limited and may be higher, and that adolescent disease is often understudied, ignored, or unrecognized, contributing to diagnostic delays. The review’s major caveat is that evidence in adolescents is sparse and largely indirect, so the conclusions rely on broader endometriosis knowledge rather than robust adolescent-focused data. This paper is centrally about endometriosis — it focuses specifically on how endometriosis presents, is diagnosed, and is managed in adolescents.

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Abstract

Endometriosis is one of the most significant disorders affecting women of all ages, including adolescents. Its prevalence is estimated at an average of 15 %, but data in adolescents is lac­king and the real data may be significantly higher. Endometriosis in adolescents is a global medical, social and economic problem, as the associated symptoms worsen the quality of life, reduce the level of socialization, have negative impact on health indicators and quality of life, affect future reproductive capabilities and increase economic costs. For a long time, endometriosis was considered as a disease of women of reproductive age; however, now it is known that it affects women of all ages. In adolescent girls, endometriosis is understudied, sometimes ignored, or unrecognized that leads to delays in diagnosis and, consequently, in treatment. The aim of this review was to analyze clinical manifestations of endometriosis in adolescents, factors associated with the risk of development and progression of the disease, and the peculiarities of diagnosis and treatment in adolescence. Understanding the features of this disease, its symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment in adolescents will significantly improve the quality of life, control the disease, and enhance future reproductive capabilities.
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Endometriosis in adolescents DOI: https://doi.org/10.22141/2224-0551.19.6.2024.1743Keywords: pelvic pain, dysmenorrhea, endometriosis, adolescenceAbstract Endometriosis is one of the most significant disorders affecting women of all ages, including adolescents. Its prevalence is estimated at an average of 15 %, but data in adolescents is lacking and the real data may be significantly higher. Endometriosis in adolescents is a global medical, social and economic problem, as the associated symptoms worsen the quality of life, reduce the level of socialization, have negative impact on health indicators and quality of life, affect future reproductive capabilities and increase economic costs. For a long time, endometriosis was considered as a disease of women of reproductive age; however, now it is known that it affects women of all ages. In adolescent girls, endometriosis is understudied, sometimes ignored, or unrecognized that leads to delays in diagnosis and, consequently, in treatment. The aim of this review was to analyze clinical manifestations of endometriosis in adolescents, factors associated with the risk of development and progression of the disease, and the peculiarities of diagnosis and treatment in adolescence. Understanding the features of this disease, its symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment in adolescents will significantly improve the quality of life, control the disease, and enhance future reproductive capabilities. Downloads References Brosens I, Gordts S, Benagiano G. Endometriosis in adolescents is a hidden, progressive and severe disease that deserves attention, not just compassion. Hum Reprod. 2013 Aug;28(8):2026-2031. doi: 10.1093/humrep/det243. Chapron C, Lafay-Pillet MC, Monceau E, et al. Questioning patients about their adolescent history can identify markers associated with deep infiltrating endometriosis. Fertil Steril. 2011 Mar 1;95(3):877-881. doi: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2010.10.027. 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Dienogest 2 mg Daily in the Treatment of Adolescents with Clinically Suspected Endometriosis: The VISanne Study to Assess Safety in ADOlescents. J Pediatr Adolesc Gynecol. 2017 Oct;30(5):560-567. doi: 10.1016/j.jpag.2017.01.014. Geysenbergh B, Dancet EAF, D'Hooghe T. Detecting Endometriosis in Adolescents: Why Not Start from Self-Report Screening Questionnaires for Adult Women? Gynecol Obstet Invest. 2017;82(4):322-328. doi: 10.1159/000452098. Gubbels A, Spivack L, Lindheim SR, Bhagavath B. Adolescent Endometriosis. Obstet Gynecol Surv. 2020 Aug;75(8):483-496. doi: 10.1097/OGX.0000000000000808. Gargett CE, Schwab KE, Brosens JJ, Puttemans P, Benagiano G, Brosens I. Potential role of endometrial stem/progenitor cells in the pathogenesis of early-onset endometriosis. Mol Hum Reprod. 2014 Jul;20(7):591-598. doi: 10.1093/molehr/gau025. Greene R, Stratton P, Cleary SD, Ballweg ML, Sinaii N. Diagnostic experience among 4,334 women reporting surgically diagnosed endometriosis. 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Non-coding RNAs in endometriosis: a narrative review. Hum Reprod Update. 2018 Jul 1;24(4):497-515. doi: 10.1093/humupd/dmy014. Pugsley Z, Ballard K. Management of endometriosis in general practice: the pathway to diagnosis. Br J Gen Pract. 2007 Jun;57(539):470-476. Seckin B, Ates MC, Kirbas A, Yesilyurt H. Usefulness of hematological parameters for differential diagnosis of endometriomas in adolescents/young adults and older women. Int J Adolesc Med Health. 2018 Sep 26;33(2). doi: 10.1515/ijamh-2018-0078. Simpson CN, Lomiguen CM, Chin J. Combating Diagnostic Delay of Endometriosis in Adolescents via Educational Awareness: A Systematic Review. Cureus. 2021 May 20;13(5):e15143. doi: 10.7759/cureus.15143. Sinsky-Jones LF, Godin JM. Pharmacological Treatment of Endometriosis during Adolescence: Literature Review and Clinical Recommendations. Journal of Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology. 2018;31(3):309-313. Suvitie PA, Hallamaa MK, Matomäki JM, Mäkinen JI, Perheentupa AH. Prevalence of Pain Symptoms Suggestive of Endometriosis Among Finnish Adolescent Girls (TEENMAPS Study). J Pediatr Adolesc Gynecol. 2016 Apr;29(2):97-103. doi: 10.1016/j.jpag.2015.07.001. Toczek J, Jastrzębska-Stojko Ż, Stojko R, Drosdzol-Cop A. Endometriosis: New Perspective for the Diagnosis of Certain Cytokines in Women and Adolescent Girls, as Well as the Progression of Disease Outgrowth: A Systematic Review. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021 Apr 29;18(9):4726. doi: 10.3390/ijerph18094726. Vicente-Muñoz S, Morcillo I, Puchades-Carrasco L, Payá V, Pellicer A, Pineda-Lucena A. Pathophysiologic processes have an impact on the plasma metabolomic signature of endometriosis patients. Fertil Steril. 2016 Dec;106(7):1733-1741.e1. doi: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2016.09.014.

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