Association Between the Concentration of Serum Vitamin D and Ovarian Reserve Among Women Undergoing Assisted Reproductive Technology

Longbao Xu, Lanlan Fang, Mengyao Gao, Guosheng Wang, Yongzhen Peng, Yubo Ma, Faming Pan
The Journal of nutrition · 2025 · vol. 155(10) , pp. 3336–3343 · doi:10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.08.024 · PMID:40886952 · W4413848140
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This study investigated the relationship between serum vitamin D levels and ovarian reserve in women undergoing assisted reproductive technology, finding a positive correlation.

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Abstract

BACKGROUND: Multiple in vivo and in vitro studies have demonstrated that 25-OH vitamin D has a significant positive effect on ovarian reserve in women; however, findings from population-based studies have been inconsistent. OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to evaluate whether there is an association between serum 25-OH vitamin D concentrations and ovarian reserve. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted with 1488 women aged 20-50 y undergoing assisted reproductive treatment. Antimüllerian hormone, antral follicle count (AFC), and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) are used as markers of ovarian reserve. Diminished ovarian reserve is defined by low concentrations of antimüllerian hormone (≤1.1 ng/mL), high concentrations of FSH (≥10 IU/L), or low concentrations of AFC (≤7). Poisson regression, multiple linear regression, logistic regression, and restricted cubic spline (RCS) models were used to assess the association between 25-OH vitamin D and ovarian reserve biomarkers, as well as risk of diminished ovarian reserve. RESULTS: In the Poisson regression model, we found a significant positive correlation between vitamin D and AFC (β: 0.003; 95% CI: 0.001, 0.005). Moreover, BMI demonstrated a significant interaction effect in the association between 25-hydroxyvitamin D and AFC concentrations (P-interaction = 0.03). Stratified analyses further revealed that the positive association between vitamin D and AFC was only observed among individuals with lower BMI (<24 kg/m2), whereas no significant association was found in the higher BMI group. Additionally, we also identified a significant nonlinear relationship between 25-OH vitamin D and FSH (P-nonlinear < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: 25-Hydroxyvitamin D is associated with higher AFC concentrations, and FSH exhibits an inverted U-shaped trend as vitamin D concentration increase. These findings suggest that 25-OH vitamin D may have a potential positive role in maintaining female ovarian health.

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MeSH descriptors

Ovarian Reserve Ovarian Reserve Reproductive Techniques, Assisted Vitamin D Vitamin D Vitamin D Adult Anti-Mullerian Hormone Anti-Mullerian Hormone Biomarkers Biomarkers Cross-Sectional Studies Female Follicle Stimulating Hormone Follicle Stimulating Hormone Humans Middle Aged Ovarian Follicle Young Adult

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