BMJ case reports

A nulliparous woman presented to the hospital at 11 weeks' gestation with acute onset chest pain, non-specific ECG changes and mildly elevated cardiac enzymes despite having no cardiac risk factors. She re-presented 4 days later with chest …

Mullerian uterine anomalies are structural defects of the female reproductive system. An accessory cavitated uterine malformation (ACUM) is a rare congenital Mullerian anomaly where an accessory cavity with normal lining of endometrium is s…

Primary cutaneous endometriosis and inguinal endometriosis (IEM) are rare, representing less than 1% and under 0.6% of extragenital and extrapelvic endometriosis, respectively. Co-occurrence in the same patient is exceedingly rare, with a f…

A nulliparous woman in her 40s is referred to gynaecological oncology secondary to umbilical pain and bleeding with menses. Examination revealed a blood-filled cystic mass within an umbilical hernia consistent with umbilical endometrioma. T…

Caesarean scar endometriosis is a rare condition characterised by the presence of endometrial tissue within a surgical scar following a caesarean section. A woman in her late 30s presented with a painful lump beneath her caesarean section s…

Representing 0.43% of all urinary bladder neoplasms, leiomyomas are rare mesenchymal tumours with a benign pathophysiology. There have only been approximately 250 cases published on this subject, necessitating further inquiry into this dise…

We describe the case of a woman with mild endometriosis and Allen-Masters syndrome after in vitro fertilisation (IVF), presenting at 7 weeks 2 days gestation with abdominal pain. A transvaginal ultrasound revealed a gestational sac with a n…

Spontaneous haemoperitoneum in pregnancy (SHiP) related to endometriosis is a rare and life-threatening complication. We report a case of a patient presenting to our department with major haemoperitoneum at 23+3 weeks of gestation due to a …

A woman in her early 40s presented with right-side chest pain radiating to the ipsilateral shoulder coinciding with her menstrual periods. She complained of worsening dysmenorrhoea over the preceding 6 months. Chest radiograph was notable f…

Ureteral endometriosis is rare and can be a silent clinical entity, which can potentially lead to serious complications such as obstructive uropathy, sepsis and renal failure. A high clinical suspicion is required especially in childbearing…

We report the case of a young, immunocompetent, non-pregnant woman diagnosed with acute abdomen 3 weeks after an ultrasound-guided transvaginal oocyte retrieval (TVOR). Peritoneal fluid, obtained during exploratory laparoscopy, yielded Myco…

Myomatous erythrocytosis syndrome (MES) is a rare form of secondary erythrocytosis seen with myomas. Here, we present a case of a postmenopausal, nulliparous woman in her 50s incidentally found to have asymptomatic erythrocytosis on routine…

A woman in her 60s presented with erythematous lesions predominantly over the joints. After evaluation by dermatology and rheumatology, she was diagnosed with dermatomyositis and initiated on oral steroids and immunosuppressants. She was su…

Osseous metaplasia of the endometrium is a rare condition involving the bone tissue in the endometrial cavity. Its presence along with haematometra is an infrequent condition and is not reported until now. We present a case of a woman in he…

Here, we present a rare case of a primigravida who presented to us with symptoms and signs suggestive of an ectopic gestation, which turned out to be a partial mole in histopathological examination. Since it is a very rare occurrence, we wo…

An adolescent female presented with an acute abdomen and elevated beta-human chorionic gonadotropin levels and underwent a laparoscopy for a suspected ruptured ectopic pregnancy. Intraoperatively, a ruptured haemorrhagic corpus luteal cyst …

We report a rare case of a retroperitoneal uterus-like mass communicating with the endocervix, which presented as abdominal pain and bloating associated with severe irregular vaginal and postcoital bleeding. Our patient did not have any str…

This is a case of a spontaneous haemoperitoneum occurring in the second trimester of pregnancy which was managed with interventional radiology to avoid laparotomy and its potential consequences. We aim to raise awareness of this condition i…

A woman in her 40s presented with exertional dyspnoea with an absence of haemoptysis, cough, fever and weight loss. The patient had a medical history of extensive endometriosis. Investigations revealed a large right-sided pleural effusion. …

A multiparous woman in her 20s, presented to the clinic with bleeding from caesarean scar site. After clinical examination and radiological evaluation with ultrasound and MR fistulogram, the diagnosis was utero-cutaneous fistula. Complete r…

An ectopic pregnancy (EP) accounts for 1-2% of all pregnancies, of which 90% implant in the fallopian tube. An abdominal ectopic pregnancy (AEP) is defined as an ectopic pregnancy occurring when the gestational sac is implanted in the perit…

An adolescent was referred to the emergency department due to abnormal uterine haemorrhages in the previous 2 months, associated with dizziness in the last month. At observation, she was haemodynamically stable, with good clinical impressio…

Mesonephric remnants (MRs) are embryonic vestiges most commonly found in female pathology specimens from the lateral wall of the cervix. The highly regulated genetic programme of mesonephric duct development has been well characterised in a…

The case report discusses the challenges in diagnosing gastrointestinal bleeding of unknown origin, with angiodysplasia (AD) of the appendix being a rare cause. The report presents a case of a man in his late 60s who presented with vomiting…