Postgraduate medicine

Acute pancreatitis (AP), a complex inflammatory disease of the pancreas, is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Currently, no specific therapies are approved for its treatment, and management is primarily based on supportive …

OBJECTIVE: Although there have been variations in the management of the patients with endometriosis, an important population of these women still require hospitalization . This study aimed to analyze the trends in hospital admissions associ…

OBJECTIVES: Diagnostic delay is common in endometriosis. There is an unmet need for a symptom-based, patient-completed screening tool to facilitate discussions between patients and physicians about potential endometriosis symptoms. The obje…

INTRODUCTION: Endometriosis is the most common pelvic gynaecologic disorder affecting pre-menopausal women. However ureteral endometriosis (UE) especially intrinsic urinary tract endometriosis is a rare finding that is notorious for causing…

BACKGROUND: The exact pathogenesis of endometriosis has not been completely discerned. 1-alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25[OH][2]D[3]) has been shown to have an anti-angiogenic effect and extracellular matrix-proteases-degrading properties…

The past several years have seen an expansion in contraception options. Emerging data support the use of long-acting reversible contraception (LARC) such as the intrauterine device and subdermal implant as the most effective methods of cont…

Endometriosis is a common condition affecting a significant number of women of childbearing age. The diagnosis is clinical and thus can be difficult to make. History taking is generally most helpful, and diagnostic tests have a limited role…

Controversy continues to swirl around hysterectomy-particularly about when and why it is appropriate for benign disorders. In the United States, one woman in three undergoes hysterectomy by age 65. The rate in the European Union nations ran…

Preview Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonists will have a significant impact on the practice of medicine in the 1990s. These agents will likely be given to increasing numbers of patients, and primary care physicians themselves may …

Use of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonists produces a transient increase and subsequent long-term reduction in concentrations of pituitary hormones, resulting in gonadal hormone suppression. This reversible suppression is useful …

Preview The effects of waning ovarian function start before menstruation stops, and they can be medically important. What changes should women expect, and what preventive health measures can they take? When is oral contraceptive therapy app…

Abnormal vaginal bleeding is a common presenting symptom with an extensive list of potential causes. In evaluating abnormal bleeding, nonuterine causes and pregnancy should first be excluded; after that, it is important to differentiate bet…

Preview What do complaints of sleeplessness, depression, childhood sexual abuse, and dysfunctional family and marital relationships have to do with chronic pelvic pain? Maybe a lot, according to the authors' findings in studies of patients …

Endometriosis results in significant pelvic pain, dysmenorrhea, and infertility. Recognition of the signs and symptoms of endometriosis can result in early diagnosis and treatment. Management includes surgical intervention to debulk large l…

Hormone replacement therapy is a mainstay of preventive healthcare for the maturing female population. Estrogen deficiency that comes with menopause can have serious effects and is especially important in light of the increasing life expect…

Episodic and chronic idiopathic pelvic pain is enigmatic for both physician and patient. Antidepressant drug therapy combined with behavior modification techniques is beneficial in improving the functional status of some patients. Whether t…

Despite an occasional temporal relationship between abdominal pain and menstruation, the clinical features of endometriosis are often nonspecific. Diagnostic tests are usually unrewarding, and diagnosis is most often made at surgery. Endome…

"Dysfunctional uterine bleeding" is not a generic term for abnormal uterine bleeding. Rather, it refers solely to bleeding caused by an ovarian endocrinopathy. Estrogen withdrawal and inappropriately sustained estrogen production are the tw…

Ovulatory dysfunctional uterine bleeding (DUB), a disease prevalent in the latter half of the reproductive years, is diagnosed when organic causes for bleeding have been excluded by clinical, laboratory, and surgical diagnostic means. Disor…

The in vitro fertilization (IVF) program at Scripps Clinic and Research Foundation, La Jolla, California, was started in 1983. In vitro fertilization is now an accepted type of infertility treatment for many couples with a disorder of tubal…

Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) is a very common disorder. It is diagnosed by excluding other disorders, including psychopathology, and with use of a menstrual diary. Although the cause of PMS remains unknown, treatment is usually effective. Fo…

Although dysmenorrhea is a common gynecologic complaint, adolescents and young women frequently believe that no therapy is available and do not seek medical help. Diagnostic and therapeutic advances now allow the physician to effectively ev…

Improved diagnostic procedures and use of a new steroidal agent, danazol (Danocrine), should reduce the need for surgical intervention in fibrocystic breast disease. Thermography, a non-invasive procedure that may be used with impunity, may…