JAMA pediatrics

IMPORTANCE: Bone mineral density (BMD) z scores in transgender adolescents decrease during puberty suppression with a gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonist. Previous research found that after short-term use of gender-affirming hormo…

IMPORTANCE: Pregnancies resulting from assisted reproductive technology are associated with an increased risk of adverse perinatal outcomes compared with those following natural conception. Previous studies have shown an association of preg…

IMPORTANCE: In vitro fertilization (IVF) is associated with birth defects and imprinting disorders. Because these conditions are associated with an increased risk of childhood cancer, many of which originate in utero, descriptions of cancer…

IMPORTANCE: Increased use of long-acting reversible contraception (LARC; intrauterine devices [IUDs] and implants) has likely contributed to declining US teenage pregnancy and birth rates, yet sexually transmitted infection (STI) rates amon…

IMPORTANCE: Severe morbidity in very preterm infants is associated with profound clinical implications on development and life-course health. However, studies of racial/ethnic disparities in severe neonatal morbidities are scant and suggest…

IMPORTANCE: Use of assisted reproductive technology (ART) has been associated with increased risks for birth defects. Variations in birth defect risks according to type of ART procedure have been noted, but findings are inconsistent. OBJEC…

IMPORTANCE: Preterm birth is a leading cause of neonatal mortality, with a variety of contributing causes and risk factors. Environmental exposures represent a group of understudied, but potentially important, factors. Phthalate diesters ar…