Human Reproduction Update

The authors would like to apologise for an error in the third paragraph of the section titled 'Management of women with endometrioma concerning ovarian cancer risk'.When discussing data from Froyman et al., 2019 the authors originally state…

Endometriosis, particularly ovarian endometrioma, is associated with a 2-fold increased risk of ovarian cancer (OC), especially the clear cell and endometrioid subtypes. However, the absolute lifetime risk of OC in women with endometriosis …

BACKGROUND: Peritoneal adhesions are a major and often under-recognized cause of morbidity following abdominopelvic inflammation and surgery, contributing to chronic pelvic pain, infertility, bowel obstruction, and surgical complications. E…

BACKGROUND: Mammalian embryo development involves a complex process governed by multiple layers of cellular and molecular regulation mechanisms. ART is widely used around the world to assist fertility in humans, with ∼12 million babies bein…

BACKGROUND: There has been an unprecedented progress in the field of fertility preservation (FP) beginning in the late 1990s. Specifically, technological innovations, refinements in the protocols, and a deeper understanding of reproductive …

BACKGROUND: In 1999, Dr Susan Treloar and colleagues conducted a landmark twin study in Australia and reported their estimate of 51% for the heritability of endometriosis. This important result led several groups to begin mapping genetic fa…

BACKGROUND: Male fertility investigation is currently limited to semen analysis. However, the origins of abnormal sperm parameters are not well-understood, and normal sperm do not assure fertility in men. Improved pathophysiological and pro…

In the last two decades, we have consolidated our knowledge of the epidemiology and risk factors for ectopic pregnancies. Minimally invasive surgical skills are now widespread, and laparoscopic surgery is recognized as the best and safest o…

BACKGROUND: Infertility is a growing global challenge, with ARTs significantly improving birth rates for infertile couples. However, ART conceptions are associated with a higher risk of negative obstetrical and perinatal outcomes, with pote…

BACKGROUND: Functional hypothalamic amenorrhoea (FHA) is responsible for 20-35% of all cases of secondary amenorrhoea and, thus, is the second most common cause of secondary amenorrhoea after polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). A high number …

BACKGROUND: RNA modifications, collectively known as the epitranscriptome, represent the third layer of gene regulation, influencing gene expression at transcriptional, post-transcriptional, and translational levels. RNA-modifying proteins …

BACKGROUND: Reproductive-age women with intrauterine adhesions (IUAs) following uterine surgery may be asymptomatic or may experience light or absent menstruation, infertility, preterm delivery, and/or peripartum hemorrhage. Understanding p…

BACKGROUND: Family-planning policies have focused on contraceptive approaches to avoid unintended pregnancies, postpone, or terminate pregnancies and mitigate population growth. These policies have contributed to significantly slowing world…

BACKGROUND: Bisphenol A (BPA) is an endocrine disrupting chemical released from plastic materials, including food packaging and dental sealants, persisting in the environment and ubiquitously contaminating ecosystems and human populations. …

BACKGROUND: Fibrosis is an important pathological feature of endometriotic lesions of all subtypes. Fibrosis is present in and around endometriotic lesions, and a central role in its development is played by myofibroblasts, which are cells …

BACKGROUND: Millions of children have been born throughout the world thanks to ARTs, the harmlessness of which has not yet been fully demonstrated. For years, efforts to evaluate the specific effects of ART have focused on the embryo; howev…

BACKGROUND: Women with endometriosis may constitute a group at a particularly increased risk of pregnancy-related complications. Furthermore, women selected for assisted reproductive technology (ART) are exposed to additional endocrinologic…

BACKGROUND: Abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB) has a significant socioeconomic impact since it considerably impacts quality of life. Therapeutic options are frequently based on trial and error and do not target disease aetiology. Pathophysiolo…

BACKGROUND: Preconception diet is a proposed modifiable risk factor for infertility. However, there is no official guidance for women in the preconception period as to which dietary approaches may improve fertility. OBJECTIVE AND RATIONALE…

BACKGROUND: The Endometriosis Health Profiles (EHPs), the EHP-30 and EHP-5, are patient-reported outcome measures that were developed to measure the health-related quality of life (HRQoL) of women living with endometriosis. Prior to their d…

BACKGROUND: Folliculogenesis occurs in the highly dynamic environment of the ovary. Follicle cyclic recruitment, neo-angiogenesis, spatial displacement, follicle atresia and ovulation stand out as major events resulting from the interplay b…

BACKGROUND: Mammalian reproduction requires the fusion of two specialized cells: an oocyte and a sperm. In addition to producing gametes, the reproductive system also provides the environment for the appropriate development of the embryo. D…

BACKGROUND: Modern lifestyle has led to an increase in the age at conception. Advanced age is one of the critical risk factors for female-related infertility. It is well known that maternal age positively correlates with the deterioration o…

BACKGROUND: In IVF/ICSI treatment, the process of embryo implantation is the success rate-limiting step. Endometrial scratching has been suggested to improve this process, but it is unclear if this procedure increases the chance of implanta…