Endocrinology and metabolism clinics of North America

Isolated vaginal bleeding before the onset of puberty is a rare presentation of isosexual precocity. In most cases, isolated vaginal bleeding without an abnormal genital examination is self-limited with resolution usually within 1 to 3 epis…

The toll of multiple endocrine disorders has increased substantially in recent decades, and marginalized populations bear a disproportionate burden of disease. Because of the significant individual and societal impact of these conditions, i…

Most endocrine disorders are chronic in nature, and thus even a minor effect to increase risk for cardiovascular disease can lead to a significant impact over prolonged duration. Although robust therapies exist for many endocrine disorders …

Most premenopausal women with low trauma fracture(s) or low bone mineral density have a secondary cause of osteoporosis or bone loss. Where possible, treatment of the underlying cause should be the focus of management. Premenopausal women w…

Although endometriosis is associated with infertility, a clear causal relationship has yet to be established, unless adhesive disease is found. Despite this indirect association, multiple theories have been promulgated and studies are curre…

Approximately one half of young women who have 46,XX spontaneous premature ovarian failure have ovarian follicles remaining in the ovary. These follicles function intermittently and unpredictably, and pregnancies can occur in these women wi…

This article has provided outcome-based evidence using easily understood graphic representation of cumulative pregnancy rates whenever possible for the methods used to investigate and treat female infertility. A scheme of basic routine inve…

Cogenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) is a family of genetic disorders from a deleterious mutation in a gene encoding adrenal steroidogenic enzyme essential for cortisol biosynthesis. Recent molecular advances have provided the genetic basis …

Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonists show promise as new therapeutic agents with considerable potential for clinical applications in endocrinology, gynecology, pediatrics, and oncology. GnRH agonists are derived from GnRH. This ar…