BACKGROUND: Hydrosalpinx is a recognized condition affecting the fallopian tubes, which decreases the embryo implantation rate and success in in vitro fertilization (IVF) outcomes. It can manifest detrimental effects through inflammatory co…
BACKGROUND: The follicular fluid (FF) of mature oocytes contains a high concentration of growth factors and cytokines that have the potential to influence implantation in either a paracrine or autocrine manner. During the physiological proc…
BACKGROUND: Ectopic pregnancy (EP) is defined as implantation and development of an embryo outside of the uterine tissue. Women undergoing assisted reproductive technologies (ART), particularly frozen embryo transfer (FET), are in high-risk…
OBJECTIVE: The DNA integrity of spermatozoa that attach to fallopian tube (FT) cells is higher than spermatozoa that do not attach. FT epithelial cells can distinguish normal and abnormal sperm chromatin. This study investigated the effects…
Isthmocele is myometrial scar tissue that develops after cesarean section delivery. In this case, other more prevalent pathologies delayed isthmocele diagnosis as the main cause of the patient's symptoms. Considering isthmocele is a fluid-f…
OBJECTIVE: Toll-like receptors (TLRs, as members of the innate immune system) are expressed in the human endometrium and their aberrant regulation and expression are involved in the pathogenesis of endometrial diseases. This study is aimed …
BACKGROUND: Endometriosis is a prevalent gynecological disease, with limited known etiology and more researches are required to identify its etiology. In this manner, there is no evidence for expression and function of 3´HOX genes in 4 clus…