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In diagnostic studies without a gold standard, the assumption on the dependence structure of the multiple tests or raters plays an important role in model performance. In case of binary disease status, both conditional independence and cros…

Pedicle torsion of adnexal cysts results from the increased weight of cysts, longer length of the ovarian and suspensory ligaments or ovarian teratoma. Color doppler ultrasonography is particularly important for detecting suspected cyst tor…