J B Marshall

BACKGROUND: Colonoscopy using a standard adult colonoscope can be difficult or impossible when there is a fixed, angulated sigmoid colon or stricture. It is sometimes possible to traverse such segments using a smaller-diameter, more flexibl…

Although achalasia is usually of idiopathic origin, it may be secondary to another disease process such as neoplasia. The first description of a familial achalasia syndrome that appears to be secondary to diffuse esophageal leiomyomatosis w…