Joel Brown

Androgens, such as testosterone, have an antinociceptive effect based on animal and adult studies. However, because androgens may exert different physiological effects during puberty, it is not clear whether the antinociceptive effect would…

Background/Objectives: Venipuncture is a painful and distress-inducing procedure, especially in adolescents. However, the effect of stress on venipuncture pain remains unclear. This study investigated the relationships between stress (venip…