BACKGROUND: Endometriosis (EMS) is an estrogen-dependent chronic inflammatory disorder for which metabolic reprogramming has emerged as a central pathological feature. Driven by genetic, epigenetic, and microenvironmental stressors, ectopic…
The production of high-quality oocytes requires precisely orchestrated intercellular communication. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are cell-derived nanoparticles that play a vital role in the transfer of bioactive molecules, which has gained …
Regulated cell death (RCD) is a fundamental biological process essential for tissue homeostasis and disease regulation. Increasing evidence has demonstrated that RCD plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of uterine endometrial diseases, …
The endometrium undergoes a series of precise monthly changes under the regulation of dynamic levels of ovarian hormones that are characterized by repeated shedding and subsequent regeneration without scarring. This provides the potential f…
Hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha (HIF-1α) is a major molecular mediator of the hypoxic response. In the endometrium, local hypoxic conditions induced by hormonal fluctuations and endometrial vascular remodeling contribute to the production …
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are mainly produced in mitochondria and are involved in various physiological activities of the ovary through signaling and are critical for regulating the ovarian cycle. Notably, the imbalance between ROS gene…