{"paper_id":"ec42950d-584b-4095-a9ca-d5181c5444bf","body_text":"Print ISSN: 2754-3242\nOnline ISSN: 2754-1304\nInternational Journal of Molecular Medicine is an international journal devoted to molecular mechanisms of human disease.\nInternational Journal of Oncology is an international journal devoted to oncology research and cancer treatment.\nCovers molecular medicine topics such as pharmacology, pathology, genetics, neuroscience, infectious diseases, molecular cardiology, and molecular surgery.\nOncology Reports is an international journal devoted to fundamental and applied research in Oncology.\nExperimental and Therapeutic Medicine is an international journal devoted to laboratory and clinical medicine.\nOncology Letters is an international journal devoted to Experimental and Clinical Oncology.\nExplores a wide range of biological and medical fields, including pharmacology, genetics, microbiology, neuroscience, and molecular cardiology.\nInternational journal addressing all aspects of oncology research, from tumorigenesis and oncogenes to chemotherapy and metastasis.\nMultidisciplinary open-access journal spanning biochemistry, genetics, neuroscience, environmental health, and synthetic biology.\nOpen-access journal combining biochemistry, pharmacology, immunology, and genetics to advance health through functional nutrition.\nPublishes open-access research on using epigenetics to advance understanding and treatment of human disease.\nAn International Open Access Journal Devoted to General Medicine.\nReview\nOpen Access\n- Authors:\n-\nArticle Number: 57|Published online on: September 28, 2026https://doi.org/10.3892/mi.2026.341\n- Expand metrics +\nMillions of women of reproductive age suffer from endometriosis, a chronic, estrogen‑driven condition that causes pelvic pain, dysmenorrhea and infertility. Conventional therapy focuses on symptom suppression with hormone medications or the surgical excision of lesions; however, it is not curative. Recent developments in the understanding of the pathophysiology of endometriosis have revealed novel immunological and molecular mechanisms that are being used in experimental therapies. The present review outlines developing techniques, including targeted endocrine modulators, epigenetic treatments, anti‑inflammatory and immunomodulatory drugs, antioxidants, anti‑angiogenic medicines, and microbiome‑based therapy. Prominent examples are new oral gonadotropin‑releasing hormone receptor antagonists, selective progesterone receptor modulators and aromatase inhibitors that aim to overcome progesterone resistance. Alternative methods, such nutraceuticals and biologic and small‑molecule inhibitors (such as metabolic drugs and anti‑cytokine therapies) are being explored. Novel supplemental options are provided by device‑based neuromodulation and improved surgical techniques (such as advanced laparoscopy, robotic excision, image‑guided surgery, nerve‑sparing techniques and adhesion barriers). While many of these innovations are promising, current evidence is limited by small studies and disease heterogeneity. Future directions emphasize rigorous trials with standardized outcomes, including fertility measures and combinations of therapies to achieve personalized, long‑term relief.\nCopy and paste a formatted citation\nSpandidos Publications style\nThomas KS, Lekshmi SS, Gurrala H, Ramzan MR, Osman AK and Sherin Z: Emerging mechanism‑driven therapies for endometriosis: From GnRH antagonists to microbiome and device‑based strategies (Review). Med Int 6: 57, 2026.\nAPA\nThomas, K.S., Lekshmi, S.S., Gurrala, H., Ramzan, M.R., Osman, A.K., & Sherin, Z. (2026). Emerging mechanism‑driven therapies for endometriosis: From GnRH antagonists to microbiome and device‑based strategies (Review). Medicine International, 6, 57. https://doi.org/10.3892/mi.2026.341\nMLA\nThomas, K. S., Lekshmi, S. S., Gurrala, H., Ramzan, M. R., Osman, A. K., Sherin, Z.\"Emerging mechanism‑driven therapies for endometriosis: From GnRH antagonists to microbiome and device‑based strategies (Review)\". Medicine International 6.6 (2026): 57.\nChicago\nThomas, K. S., Lekshmi, S. S., Gurrala, H., Ramzan, M. R., Osman, A. K., Sherin, Z.\"Emerging mechanism‑driven therapies for endometriosis: From GnRH antagonists to microbiome and device‑based strategies (Review)\". Medicine International 6, no. 6 (2026): 57. https://doi.org/10.3892/mi.2026.341","source_license":"CC0","license_restricted":false}