{"paper_id":"a3886bc2-40b4-43c7-ab62-1ea5ffd0f1d1","body_text":"The analysis of cervicovaginal microbiota and immune mediators in patients with adenomyosis\n1\nDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology №1, Kharkiv National Medical University, Ukraine\nPublication date: 2026-07-30\nCorresponding author\nOlga Mertsalova\nDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology №1, Kharkiv National Medical University, 4 Nauky Avenue, 61022, Kharkiv, Ukraine\nDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology №1, Kharkiv National Medical University, 4 Nauky Avenue, 61022, Kharkiv, Ukraine\nWiadomości Lekarskie 2026;(7):1493-1499\nKEYWORDS\nTOPICS\nABSTRACT\nAim:\nTo determine and characterise changes associated with microbial, inflammatory and immune factors in patients with adenomyosis.\nMaterial and methods:\n115 female patients were enrolled in the study, including 85 patients with adenomyosis and 30 healthy individuals. Vaginal cleanliness was assessed by collecting vaginal samples and plating on solid bacterial agar. Urogenital infections were determined by the PCR analysis of the cervicovaginal samples. The immunological characterisation was performed using enzyme immunoassay to analyse cervicovaginal lavage for β-defensin-2 and a defined set of cytokines. Antibody titers were quantified in patients’ serum using nephelometry.\nResults:\nPatients with adenomyosis displayed disrupted cervicovaginal microflora that was characterised by elevated levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines and antimicrobial peptide β-defensin-2. Serum analysis of patients with adenomyosis revealed higher concentration of IgG, IgM and IgA antibodies compared to healthy control groups.\nConclusions:\nAnalysis of inflammatory and immunological parameters in patients with adenomyosis revealed distinct features of the pathophysiology of adenomyosis. Specifically, patients with adenomyosis had disrupted cervicovaginal microflora with higher prevalence of anaerobic species. Furthermore, patients with adenomyosis had elevated levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines and interleukins in cervicovaginal lavage, and higher levels of IgG, IgM and IgA antibody serum titres. The analysis presented in the paper represents an important step towards determining precise diagnostic parameters and effective therapies to treat adenomyosis.\nTo determine and characterise changes associated with microbial, inflammatory and immune factors in patients with adenomyosis.\nMaterial and methods:\n115 female patients were enrolled in the study, including 85 patients with adenomyosis and 30 healthy individuals. Vaginal cleanliness was assessed by collecting vaginal samples and plating on solid bacterial agar. Urogenital infections were determined by the PCR analysis of the cervicovaginal samples. The immunological characterisation was performed using enzyme immunoassay to analyse cervicovaginal lavage for β-defensin-2 and a defined set of cytokines. Antibody titers were quantified in patients’ serum using nephelometry.\nResults:\nPatients with adenomyosis displayed disrupted cervicovaginal microflora that was characterised by elevated levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines and antimicrobial peptide β-defensin-2. Serum analysis of patients with adenomyosis revealed higher concentration of IgG, IgM and IgA antibodies compared to healthy control groups.\nConclusions:\nAnalysis of inflammatory and immunological parameters in patients with adenomyosis revealed distinct features of the pathophysiology of adenomyosis. Specifically, patients with adenomyosis had disrupted cervicovaginal microflora with higher prevalence of anaerobic species. Furthermore, patients with adenomyosis had elevated levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines and interleukins in cervicovaginal lavage, and higher levels of IgG, IgM and IgA antibody serum titres. The analysis presented in the paper represents an important step towards determining precise diagnostic parameters and effective therapies to treat adenomyosis.\nWe process personal data collected when visiting the website. The function of obtaining information about users and their behavior is carried out by voluntarily entered information in forms and saving cookies in end devices. Data, including cookies, are used to provide services, improve the user experience and to analyze the traffic in accordance with the Privacy policy. Data are also collected and processed by Google Analytics tool (more).\nYou can change cookies settings in your browser. Restricted use of cookies in the browser configuration may affect some functionalities of the website.\nYou can change cookies settings in your browser. Restricted use of cookies in the browser configuration may affect some functionalities of the website.","source_license":"public-domain-us","license_restricted":false}